i. Making video accessible takes several steps. According to
the W3C's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG), there must be a
text equivalent for all non-text content and there must be synchronized media
equivalents for time-dependent presentations To clarify, there must be captions
for audio and audio descriptions for the video.
1. Captions are text equivalents of auditory information from speech, sound
effects, and ambient sounds that are synchronized with the multimedia presentation.
2. Audio descriptions are equivalents of visual information from actions,
body language, graphics, and scene changes that are voiced (either by a human
or a speech synthesizer) and synchronized with the multimedia presentation.
3. MAGpie, created by the WGBH, is a freeware captioning/audio description
tool. It is the only available captioning program for video on the web right
now. MAGpie outputs the necessary files to play in RealPlayer (SMIL, .rt),
QuickTime (SMIL, .txt), or Windows Player (SAMI).
ii. Alt Text
1. The alt-text attribute provides a description phrase for each image. Short
for alternative text, alt-text is simply a way to provide text equivalents
to non-text elements on a page. This includes images, graphical representations
of text including symbols, image map regions, animations, scripts, and images
used as list bullets, spacers, graphical buttons, etc.
a. Keep the wording simple.
b. Sometimes it is easier to describe what the function of the graphic is
rather than what it is or looks like.
(e.g., The function of a navigation button is more important than what it
looks like)
c. Imagine that you are describing this image or its function to a friend
over the telephone. This technique will work well for constructing proper
alt-text.
2. Adding alt-text to an image in Macromedia Dreamweaver is done through the
Image Properties palette. To add alt-text inside Dreamweaver, select the image
by clicking once on it. Enter a short description (up to 256 characters) of
the image in the Alt box inside the Image Properties palette
iii. Descriptive Link
1. There are instances where alt-text just can't convey enough information
about an image. A d-link can be used to more clearly convey information about
an image
2. A D-link is used to provide longer descriptions or an in-depth description
of something the author of the page wants to include more details about. The
D-link, is only a small, very unobtrusive D (lower or upper case is the choice
of the designer) on the graphical page. This is the only instance where the
graphical version of the page will be altered.
3. Creation of a D-link takes several steps:
a. The letter "d" is placed next to an image.
b. The designer creates a new web page and types the detailed description
of the image. This page is saved with an appropriate name.
c. Make the "d" into a link connecting the user to the descriptive
file created in step #2.